Verbs | English Grammar
Verbs | English Grammar
The verb indicates the work or action. It tells us what the Subject performs. A sentence is incomplete without a verb.
Verb - Main verbs(Transitive and Intransitive Verb), Auxiliary verbs(Primary and Modal Verbs).
Main Verbs
(1) Transitive Verbs
The verbs with which the Object is used are called Transitive Verbs. These are the verbs in which the action is not only limited to Subject but it is passed over to Object.
Example:-
Kajal hits a ball.
She rings the bell.
He flies kites
He speaks the truth.
(2) Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive verbs are verbs in which the action is limited only to the Subject.
Example:-
She sleeps in the bed.
Priya speaks loudly.
A bird flies.
The bell rang slowly.
Auxiliary Verbs
(1) Primary Verbs
Primary Verbs are divided into three parts:
- Verbs 'to be': Is, am, are, was, were
- Verbs 'to have': have, has, had
- Verbs 'to do': do, does, did
'to be' forms of Verbs
Is/am/are, these three verbs are used in Present Tense and was/were is used in Past Tense.
'Is' is used in Present Tense with a singular number with the third person Subject. 'Am' is only used with 'I'. 'Are/were' are used with Plural Subject. 'Was' is used with a Singular subject.
These verbs are used in Affirmative/Negative/Interrogative sentences of present/past continuous.
Uses of 'to be' forms of Verbs in a sentence:
(1) Subject + is/am/are/was/were +noun/pronoun.
Example:-
Ram is a man.
We were friends.
The pen is mine.
She is a girl.
(2) Wh word + is/am/are + subject.
Example:-
What is this?
Who is Ram?
What age is he?
Who is your father?
(3) Subject + is/am/are/was/were + adjective.
Example:-
Ram was happy.
He is ready.
She is asleep.
(4) Subject + is/am/are/was/were + preposition + pronoun.
Example:-
Ram is in good health now.
This is a gift for you.
We are really tired.
(5) There + is/am/are/was/were + subject.
Example:-
There is a dog.
There were four persons.
There is a girl waiting for you.
'to have' forms of Verbs
Have/has/had is used with Present, past, and perfect continuous tenses in Affirmative/Negative/Interrogative sentences.
Uses of 'to have' forms of Verbs in a sentence:
(1) Have/has/had are used to express possession or ownership over anything.
Subject + have/has/had + noun or Subject + have/had/has + got + noun.
Example:-
He has a dog.
I have got a cat.
He had a beautiful house.
(2) Have/has/had are used to express urgency and compulsion of doing an action.
Subject + have/has/had + infinitve.
Example:-
He had to suffer the loss.
I had to sell my house.
She has to complete this work today.
(3) Subject + have/has been + noun(noun with preposition).
Example:-
He has been a banker.
I have been to London.
(4)Have/has/had in Affirmative/Negative/Interrogative sentences :
Example:-
Affirmative - I have a pen.
Negative - I have no pen. (I don't have a pen.)
Interrogative - Do I have a pen?
Affirmative - She has a car.
Negative - She has no car. (She doesn't have a car.)
Interrogative - Has she a car? (Does she have a car?)
Affirmative - He had a house.
Negative - He hadn't a house. (He did not have a house.)
Interrogative - Had he a house? (Did he have a house?)
'to be' forms of Verbs
Do/does/did are used in negative and interrogative sentences in the present and past tense.
Do/does/did can be used in Affirmative sentences as follows :
- He does read.
- She does come here.
- He does learn his lessons.
Some sentences with one principal verb and two auxiliaries:
- He did not and should not talk to him.
- She neither can nor will help him.
- They did not and will not help you.
(2) Modals
Modals are Auxiliary verbs that express the mood or modes of the verb. They are used with main verbs as helping verb.
They are not affected by number(i.e. Singular or Plural) and person(i.e. I, II, III person) of the Subject.
The first form of verb is used with modals.
Modals are may, might, can, could, shall, will, should, would, must, need, used to, dare, ought to.
Use of Modals
May/Might
(1) to give or ask for permission.
Example:-
May I come in?
May I go now?
(2) for informal requests.
Example:-
May I borrow your pen?
Might I borrow your car?
(3) to express the possibility of something to happen.
Example:-
It may rain today.
He may win a prize.
(4) for good wishes, desires.
Example:-
May you live long!
May God bless you.
(5) to express purpose.
Example:-
We eat so that we may live.
He works hard so that he may earn a good livelihood.
(6) to express surprise and to get information.
Example:-
How old she maybe?
When may we expect you?
Can
(1) In a question, it is used to express astonishment, impatience and anger.
Example:-
What can he do?
What can she say, I wonder?
(2) to express circumstantial possibility.
Example:-
You can go there by road now.
(3) to express physical capacity, capability, and mental ability.
Example:-
I can solve this problem.
Can you lift this stone?
Difference between 'May' and 'Can': 'May' shows the authority given by someone else while 'Can' shows authority lying with the subject.
Could
(1) Can and could both are used to make a request but Could express more politeness.
Example:-
Could you lend me your television?
(2) to express past ability.
Example:-
When I was young, I could climb any tree.
(3) to express necessity and ability in the present.
Example:-
Could you get another job?
(4) to express unreal conditions.
Example:-
If I had more money, I could build a temple.
Shall
(1) In I person, shall is used to express general future action. In II and III person, shall is used to express promise, determination, threat, warning.
Example:-
He shall pay you back on Monday.
We shall play hockey.
(2) to express prohibition.
Example:-
You shall not meet him.
(3) It is used in the question to know about someone's wish or to offer our services.
Example:-
Shall I open the door?
Will
(1) In II and III person, will is used to express general future action. In I person, will is used to express promise, determination, threat, warning.
Example:-
He will go tomorrow.
I will see you.
(2) to make a formal request.
Example:-
Will you close the door?
(3) to express possibility.
Example:-
He will be in the park.
(4) to express instructions and commands.
Example:-
You will deliver the speech.
Should
(1) to express duty, responsibility, advice, probability, expectations, presumptions, moral obligations, and mild commands.
Example:-
One should obey teachers.
You should work hard.
He should be reading now.
(2) to express purpose.
Example:-
I taught her so that she should pass.
Would
(1) to express likelihood, presumption and probability.
Example:-
He would in the mall.
She would be about 50 now.
(2) to express strong desires.
Example:-
I wish you would come with us.
Must
(1) to express command, compulsion, and order.
Example:-
You must do as you are told.
(2) to express moral duty/obligation.
Example:-
We must respect our teachers.
(3) to express necessity, urgency.
Example:-
I must leave now otherwise I may miss the train.
Need
(1) in negative and interrogative sentences.
Example:-
He need not talk to her.
Need he talk to her?
(2) It can be used as follows:
Example:-
He needs my help.
Need I go there?
Used to
(1) It is used when some work is done habitually in the past but no longer.
Example:-
He used to drink daily.
He used to go for a walk.
(2) in negative and interrogative sentences.
Example:-
I used not to smoke.
Used he to play chess?
Dare
(1) to express surprise, shock, and anger.
Example:-
How dare he say so?
(2) with nobody, somebody and anybody.
Example:-
Nobody dare to do that.
Good one;
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